International air transport refers to the use of aircraft as a means of transportation to transport a variety of goods between countries. One of the distinctive features of international air transport is its speed. Common jet transport speeds can reach 850-900 km/h, which makes international air transport much faster than other modes of transport. Moreover, the collection time of international air freight will not be as long as that of sea freight.Before that, sea freight The market has also soared for a time, which has attracted the attention of a wide range of investors. https://www.honzalogistics.com/

　　

　　Advantages and Disadvantages of International Air Transport: Advantages: First, high-speed directness: Since there are fewer air routes restricted by natural geographical conditions, international air transport usually takes a shorter distance between two points, which has the advantage of high-speed directness.

　　

　　Lower packaging requirements: Due to the stability of air navigation and the automatic landing system that reduces the replacement rate, international air transport has relatively low packaging requirements for goods.

　　

　　Disadvantages High cost: Compared with other modes of transportation, the cost of international air transportation is higher, involving aviation fuel fees, airline service fees, and many other expenses.

　　

　　Restricted cargo volume: Due to restrictions on aircraft and space, international air transports cannot carry large cargo or large quantities of cargo.

　　

　　Dependence on weather conditions: International air transport is more sensitive to weather conditions, and severe weather conditions may cause flight delays or cancellations.

　　

　　What types of goods are suitable for international air transport? The first category of high-value goods:

　　

　　Jewelry: such as diamonds, gemstones, gold and silver jewelry, etc.

　　

　　Luxury goods: such as high-end fashion, famous watches, brand-name bags, etc.

　　

　　Electronic products: such as smartphones, tablets, high-end cameras, etc.The second category of fresh food: such as seafood, fruits, vegetables, etc. Transporting these goods quickly maintains their freshness and quality. Therefore, the best choice for these goods is international air transport, which can maximize the protection of the value of the products. The third category of emergency spare parts: such as key components of industrial equipment, which are crucial to the continuity of production. In this case, you must choose the shortest transportation method to minimize the losses caused by production.

　　

　　In which industries are international air transports used?

　　

　　Express logistics industry:

　　

　　The rapid development of e-commerce has made express logistics one of the most widely used areas for international air transport. Because small e-commerce parcels are relatively light, the cost of air transport is not too high. At the same time, freight efficiency greatly improves, better meeting the logistics requirements of e-commerce buyers and increasing the transaction rate of products.

　　

　　International trade industry:

　　

　　International air transport plays an important role in the field of international trade. For high-value goods with high freshness requirements, such as fruits, flowers, seafood, etc., air transport has become the most commonly used mode of transportation. These goods are extremely sensitive to time requirements, and the speed of air transport can ensure that the goods are delivered within the shelf life, thereby maintaining the quality and value of the goods.

　　

　　Medical and health industry:

　　

　　Many industries widely use air transport in the fields of medicine and health. Air transport serves as the most effective mode of transportation for medical services that require quick delivery, such as emergency medical rescue and organ transplantation. In addition, air transport can also quickly deliver medicines, medical equipment, etc. to the destination to meet the medical needs of remote areas and and emergencies.

　　

　　Passenger tourism industry:

　　

　　As people¨s living standards improve, more and more people choose to travel by plane for tourism and business trips. Air transportation can provide efficient and comfortable transportation services to meet people¨s needs for time and comfort.

　　

　　Defense and military industry:

　　

　　In summary, international air transportation is very popular in many industries and plays an indispensable role. Its fast, safe, and efficient characteristics enable these industries to meet customer needs more effectively. However, to stand out in the market, they must also improve operational efficiency to maintain a competitive advantage in fierce competition.

　　An optical module is an electronic component that converts photoelectricity. Simply put, optical signals are converted into electrical signals, and electrical signals are converted into optical signals. It includes transmitting devices, receiving devices, and electronic functional circuits. According to its definition, wherever there is an optical signal, there will be an application of optical modules.In view of the actual needs of society, 400g qsfp-dd We need to change some original problems to better serve the society and benefit people. https://www.3coptics.com/

　　

　　optical modules

　　

　　So what are the application devices and scopes of optical modules? Today we will show you in pictures and texts.

　　

　　1. Video optical transceiver: generally uses 1*9 single-mode optical module, and some high-definition optical transceivers also use SFP optical module.

　　

　　optical modules

　　

　　2. Fiber optic transceiver: using 1*9 and SFP optical modules

　　

　　3. Switch: The switch will use GBIC, 1*9, SFP, SFP+, XFP optical modules, etc.

　　

　　4. Fiber optic router: generally using SFP optical modules

　　

　　5. Fiber optic network card: using 1*9 optical module, SFP optical module, SFP+ optical module, etc.

　　

　　6. Fiber optic high-speed ball camera: using SFP optical module

　　

　　7. Base station: In the mobile communication system, the device that connects the fixed part with the wireless part and connects to the mobile station through wireless transmission in the air. Using SFP, XFP optical modules

　　

　　8. Tunnel traffic monitoring

　　

　　optical modules

　　

　　Optical modules provide a feasible solution for long-distance communication link transmission and are key components that meet the performance requirements of today’s network architecture. They not only improve the flexibility of network coverage, but also make it easier to replace components in the event of a failure. 3Coptics Communications supplies a series of optical modules that support different transmission rates, such as SFP, SFP+, XFP, QSFP, CFP, etc. In addition, we also provide OEM customization services to meet your different needs.

　　Have you ever encountered this situation when sending international express? You were waiting for the express delivery happily, but suddenly received a notice of return or seizure by customs?In order to facilitate users to have a better experience, freight agents Many attempts have been made to upgrade the products, and the results are also very good, and the market performance tends to be in a good state. https://flyportt.com/

　　

　　Don’t worry, today we will uncover this “mystery” and teach you how to distinguish between general goods, sensitive goods and prohibited goods, so that your package can be delivered safely!

　　

　　1. Why should we distinguish items?

　　

　　Choose the right mailing route, worry-free and efficient: Different items have different transportation requirements. Understanding their classification can help you choose the right mailing method and avoid unnecessary trouble and delays.

　　

　　A wise move before online shopping: Before placing an order, understand clearly which items can be mailed and which require special channels. This can greatly save your time and energy and avoid the embarrassment of buying something but not being able to mail it.

　　

　　fastener concerns

　　

　　2. How to distinguish items?

　　

　　Ordinary items (general goods): These items are on the “white list” for customs inspection, such as: unbranded clothing, shoes, bags, furniture, etc. They are not electrically or magnetically charged, and do not involve safety hazards, so they can be sent with confidence.

　　

　　Sensitive items: Special attention should be paid to these goods, such as food (especially meat and Chinese medicine), cosmetics, electronic products, medicines, powders, liquids, and luxury brands. Although they are not absolutely prohibited, they often require specific transportation channels or stricter packaging requirements.

　　

　　Prohibited items: These are the “red lines” that cannot be mailed, including fresh fruits and vegetables, psychotropic drugs, knives, alcohol perfumes, sprays and other flammable and explosive items. Once sent, they will not only be returned by customs, but may also face legal penalties

　　

　　3. Tips for safe mailing of sensitive goods

　　

　　Choose the right channel: Sensitive goods go through special sensitive lines or EMS routes, which usually have a lower probability of inspection for sensitive goods.

　　

　　Small quantities and multiple times: For liquid and powder items, it is recommended to mail a small amount each time to avoid mixing with general goods and reduce the risk of being inspected.

　　

　　Formal packaging: Food, especially dried meat and Chinese medicine, must have formal packaging and trademarks to prove its legality and safety.

　　

　　Insurance escort: Purchase insurance for the package. In the event of accidental detention or damage, you can get corresponding compensation to reduce losses.

　　

　　fastener concerns

　　

　　Are you already feeling dizzy with the dazzling array of goods and complicated mailing rules? Don’t worry, Xiaoji is always on call, and can answer all your questions about general goods, sensitive goods, and prohibited goods.

　　Outdoor displays are transforming how we interact with visual media in various environments. Designed to withstand the elements, these displays offer remarkable performance regardless of weather conditions. Here¨s why outdoor LED displays are the ideal choice for any weather, along with their top features that ensure they excel in diverse environments.Besides, we can’t ignore. rental led display It has injected new vitality into the development of the industry and has far-reaching significance for activating the market. https://szyhfled.com/

　　

　　outdoor displays

　　

　　1. Weatherproof Durability

　　

　　Outdoor displays are engineered to endure extreme weather conditions. With IP65 or higher ratings, they are resistant to water, dust, and other environmental factors. This means rain, snow, and dust won¨t compromise the screen¨s performance, making these displays perfect for any climate.

　　

　　Key Feature: Weatherproofing protects the display from moisture and debris, ensuring uninterrupted performance even during storms or in dusty areas.

　　

　　Imagine a bustling city square with an LED billboard that remains clear and vibrant even in the heaviest rain or snowstorm. The robust construction ensures that your message is visible and impactful, no matter the weather.

　　

　　2. High Brightness for Daylight Visibility

　　

　　Outdoor displays are built to shine brightly, with high brightness levels that ensure clarity even in direct sunlight. Unlike standard displays that might appear washed out in daylight, outdoor LED screens are designed to maintain their vividness and sharpness under any lighting conditions.

　　

　　Key Feature: Brightness levels can reach up to 10,000 nits, making the display clear and eye-catching even during the brightest parts of the day.

　　

　　Think of a sunny beachside boardwalk where an outdoor LED display continues to showcase vibrant advertisements and engaging content. Its high brightness ensures that the visuals remain striking and legible, attracting attention throughout the day.

　　

　　3. Temperature Resistance

　　

　　Extreme temperatures can affect electronic devices, but outdoor displays are designed to operate within a wide temperature range. They are equipped with advanced cooling and heating systems to ensure optimal performance in both scorching heat and freezing cold.

　　

　　Key Feature: Temperature control systems prevent overheating in high temperatures and ensure functionality in freezing conditions.

　　

　　For instance, a digital billboard in a desert environment or a snowy mountain resort will maintain performance, delivering clear and engaging visuals regardless of the temperature extremes.

　　

　　4. Impact-Resistant Construction

　　

　　Outdoor displays are built to be tough. Their impact-resistant screens can withstand physical impacts from objects like hail or debris. This durability ensures that the display remains intact and operational even in severe weather conditions or high-traffic areas.

　　

　　Key Feature: Reinforced glass and rugged housings protect the display from damage and maintain its integrity in challenging environments.

　　

　　Imagine a bustling urban area with high foot traffic and occasional hailstorms. The outdoor display stands resilient, continuing to deliver high-quality visuals without cracks or damage.

　　

　　5. Wide Viewing Angles

　　

　　Outdoor displays are designed with wide viewing angles to ensure that the content remains visible from various perspectives. This is especially important in outdoor settings where viewers might be approaching from different directions.

　　

　　Key Feature: Viewing angles can extend up to 160＜, ensuring that the display is clear and readable from almost any position.

　　

　　For example, a large outdoor advertising screen in a sports stadium will be visible to fans sitting at different angles around the venue, maximizing the impact of the displayed content.

　　The firefly Q6 V3 action camera is a versatile device designed to cater to a wide range of filming needs. One of its standout features is the variety of frame rate options it offers, allowing users to capture videos in different resolutions and speeds to suit their specific requirements.more importantly, hawkeye firefly q6 action camera Made a fighter in the product, not afraid of any competitor’s attack. https://hawkeyecameras.com/

　　

　　1080p at 60fps

　　

　　The most commonly used resolution and frame rate for the Firefly Q6 V3 is 1080p at 60 frames per second (fps). This setting is ideal for capturing smooth, high-definition videos, particularly in situations where there is a lot of movement, such as sports or action scenes. The 60fps rate ensures that the footage appears fluid and reduces motion blur, making it perfect for fast-paced environments.

　　

　　What Are the Available Frame Rate Options on the Firefly Q6 V3?(夕1)

　　

　　2.7K at 30fps

　　

　　For those who want higher resolution than 1080p but don’t necessarily need 4K, the Firefly Q6 V3 offers a 2.7K resolution at 30fps. This setting strikes a balance between resolution and file size, providing clearer details than 1080p while still maintaining a reasonable file size for storage. The 30fps rate is well-suited for standard video recording, where extreme slow motion is not required.

　　

　　4K at 30fps

　　

　　The Firefly Q6 V3 also supports 4K video recording at 30fps, the highest resolution option available on this camera. Recording in 4K offers the best possible video quality, capturing incredibly detailed footage that is perfect for viewing on large screens or for projects that demand the highest clarity. However, the trade-off is that 4K videos take up more storage space and may require more powerful hardware for editing.

　　

　　720p at 120fps

　　

　　For those interested in creating slow-motion videos, the Firefly Q6 V3 offers a 720p resolution at 120fps. This high frame rate allows users to slow down footage significantly while maintaining smooth playback. Although the resolution is lower than 1080p, the ability to capture high-speed action and then slow it down in post-production can create dramatic and visually appealing effects.

　　

　　Other Frame Rate Options

　　

　　In addition to these main options, the Firefly Q6 V3 may also offer other frame rates and resolutions depending on the firmware version and user preferences. Some users might prefer 1080p at 30fps for longer recording times with good quality, or 2.7K at 60fps if they need a balance between resolution and smoothness.

　　

　　What Are the Available Frame Rate Options on the Firefly Q6 V3?(夕2)

　　

　　Choosing the Right Frame Rate

　　

　　Selecting the right frame rate depends on what you’re filming and how you plan to use the footage. For general use, 1080p at 60fps is usually sufficient, offering a good mix of quality and fluidity. If you’re shooting for cinematic purposes or large displays, 4K at 30fps is the way to go. For action-packed scenes where slow-motion playback is desired, 720p at 120fps is an excellent choice.

　　

　　In conclusion, the Firefly Q6 V3 action camera provides a range of frame rate options to suit different filming scenarios, making it a versatile tool for both amateur and professional videographers. Whether you’re capturing fast-moving sports, scenic landscapes, or everyday moments, there’s a frame rate setting on the Firefly Q6 V3 that will meet your needs.

　　When a novice sends express, they are most afraid of falling into traps: lost parcels, poor after-sales service, various surcharges… Adding all these together, it can be said that there are traps everywhere.It is strictly required by such a standard, freight agents Only with today’s development scale, can we have the proud momentum to crush our competitors. https://flyportt.com/

　　

　　Today, FLY will give you a brief introduction to the international express mailing process to avoid being cheated.

　　

　　1. Preparation stage

　　

　　Choose a courier company: First, you need to choose an international courier company with good reputation and high-quality service. Common international courier companies include DHL, UPS, TNT, FedEx, etc., and domestic SF Express, EMS, etc. also provide international courier services.

　　

　　Understand prohibited items: Before preparing to mail, be sure to understand the regulations of the customs of each country on prohibited items to ensure that the items you are sending are not prohibited. This includes prohibited items, dangerous goods, fragile items, etc.

　　

　　Prepare the package: Choose appropriate packaging materials according to the nature and quantity of the items to be sent to ensure that the items will not be damaged during transportation. At the same time, make sure that the package is clearly labeled with the recipient’s address and contact information.

　　

　　international express

　　

　　2. Delivery stage

　　

　　Fill in the waybill: Fill in the waybill at the courier company outlets or online platforms, including the sender, recipient’s name, address, contact information, and basic information such as the weight and size of the package.

　　

　　Payment: Pay the corresponding freight according to the selected courier’s charging standards. Payment methods usually include cash, bank cards, online payment and other options.

　　

　　Send the package: Hand the package to the courier or deliver it to the courier company’s outlet/third-party shipping company warehouse to complete the delivery procedures.

　　

　　international express

　　

　　3. Transportation stage

　　

　　Sorting and packing: After receiving the package, the courier company/third-party shipping company will sort and pack it to ensure that the package can reach the destination safely and quickly.

　　

　　Customs inspection: During the cross-border transportation process, the package needs to be inspected by the customs of each country. If the package contains items restricted or prohibited by customs, it may be detained or returned.

　　

　　Transshipment and delivery: After the package is inspected by customs, it will be transferred according to the predetermined route and finally delivered to the recipient. The courier company will notify the recipient of the arrival of the package through SMS, email, etc., and provide the corresponding pickup method.

　　

　　international express

　　

　　4. Signing for and after-sales service

　　

　　Signing for the package: After receiving the package, the recipient needs to check whether the information on the package is consistent with his own, and check whether the items in the package are intact. If there is any problem, you can contact the express company in time for processing.

　　

　　After-sales service: If the recipient finds that the item is damaged or lost after signing for the package, he or she can contact the courier company to make a claim. The courier company will make compensation according to relevant regulations.

　　When it comes to touch panel technology, Singway stands out as a premier choice for both commercial and consumer applications. Renowned for their innovation and reliability, Singway touch panels offer exceptional performance and user experience. However, like any advanced technology, they may encounter occasional issues. This guide explores why Singway touch panels are the best choice and provides solutions for common problems to ensure you get the most out of your investment.After screening and investigation touch panel It is likely to become a new force driving economic development. https://singway-touch.com/

　　

　　singway touch panels

　　

　　Key Features of Singway Touch Panels

　　

　　1. High-Resolution Display

　　

　　Singway touch panels are equipped with high-resolution displays that deliver crisp, clear visuals. Whether for interactive kiosks, point-of-sale systems, or personal devices, the superior display quality enhances readability and user engagement.

　　

　　2. Advanced Touch Sensitivity

　　

　　One of Singway¨s standout features is its advanced touch sensitivity. With support for multi-touch inputs, these panels offer precise and responsive interactions. This is ideal for applications requiring complex gestures, such as zooming, scrolling, and multi-finger operations.

　　

　　3. Durability and Reliability

　　

　　Built with high-quality materials, Singway touch panels are designed to withstand heavy use and environmental stress. Their durability is complemented by scratch-resistant surfaces, ensuring long-lasting performance even in demanding conditions.

　　

　　4. Versatile Connectivity

　　

　　Singway touch panels support a range of connectivity options, including USB, HDMI, and serial ports. This versatility allows for easy integration with various devices and systems, making them suitable for diverse applications.

　　

　　5. Customizable Solutions

　　

　　Singway offers customizable touch panel solutions to meet specific needs. Whether you require different sizes, aspect ratios, or specialized features, Singway can tailor their products to fit your requirements.

　　

　　6. Intuitive User Interface

　　

　　The user interface of Singway touch panels is designed for ease of use. With intuitive controls and responsive feedback, users can interact seamlessly with applications and systems, enhancing overall efficiency and satisfaction.

　　For freight forwarders in Australia, shipping batteries internationally involves a series of procedures and considerations to ensure the safe and compliant transportation of these goods. Here¨s a comprehensive guide to the processes and precautions involved in international battery shipping.In addition to innate advantages, international logistic Its own product attributes are also extremely high-end, in order to remain unbeaten in the market competition. https://www.honzalogistics.com/

　　

　　Processes:

　　

　　Initial Consultation

　　

　　Commence by discussing the specific requirements of the shipment with the client, including the type of batteries, quantity, and destination. This initial consultation helps establish a clear understanding of the client¨s needs and the associated regulations.

　　

　　Document Preparation

　　

　　Prepare all necessary documents for export, including contracts, invoices, packing lists, and certificates of origin. Additionally, for batteries, special safety documents such as MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) and UN38.3 test reports may be required.

　　

　　Battery Classification and Declaration

　　

　　As batteries are considered dangerous goods, they must be properly classified and declared to customs. Provide the required safety documents to ensure compliance with international regulations.

　　

　　Packaging and Labeling

　　

　　Ensure batteries are packaged safely and securely. Use hard cardboard boxes with shock-absorbent and insulating materials. Each battery should be individually packaged to prevent short circuits. Label packages according to international standards.

　　

　　Booking and Shipping

　　

　　Arrange for shipping with a reliable carrier, providing details such as battery type, quantity, and destination. Consider the best mode of transport based on factors like cost, speed, and battery type.

　　

　　Customs Clearance

　　

　　Once the shipment arrives in Australia, assist the client with customs clearance procedures. Ensure all necessary documents are to avoid delays.

　　

　　Precautions:

　　

　　Knowledge of Australian Battery Regulations

　　

　　Familiarize yourself with Australia¨s battery regulations and standards to ensure compliance. This includes understanding the limits on battery power and other specific requirements.

　　

　　Proper Packaging

　　

　　Emphasize the importance of proper packaging to clients. Faulty packaging can lead to accidents or battery damage during transit.

　　

　　Power Limitations

　　

　　Be aware that Australia restricts the shipping of certain battery types and power levels. Typically, batteries with a power rating of 100WH or less are acceptable for shipping. Ensure clients adhere to these limits.

　　

　　Customs and Duty Considerations

　　

　　Inform clients of potential customs and duty charges that may apply to their shipments. Advise them to declare the true value of their goods to avoid penalties.

　　

　　Communication

　　

　　Maintain open communication with clients throughout the shipping process. Keep them updated on the status of their shipment and address any concerns promptly.

　　

　　In conclusion, international battery shipping in Australia requires a thorough understanding of the regulations, proper packaging, and careful documentation. By adhering to these guidelines, freight forwarders can ensure the safe and compliant transportation of batteries across international borders.

　　Identifying the quality of LED electronic screens requires more than just looking at the main components like LEDs and ICs. While these components are crucial, they are not the only factors determining the screen’s overall performance and longevity. Here¨s a refined guide to help you make informed decisions when choosing an LED electronic screen:Without exception, led rental screen Our customers are willing to purchase their products, because high quality is the concept of their products. https://szyhfled.com/

　　

　　led screen quality

　　

　　Common Misconception

　　

　　Many people believe that the lifespan of LEDs and ICs, which can reach up to 100,000 hours, guarantees a screen¨s durability if it operates 24/7. However, this is a necessary but not sufficient condition. The proper use of red, green, and blue lamps, along with the optimal adjustment of ICs, plays a vital role in achieving a high-quality display. Just as a high-end engine doesn¨t guarantee a top-performing car, the key lies in how well all components work together.

　　

　　Temperature Sensitivity

　　

　　LEDs and ICs, being semiconductor devices, function best at around 25≧. However, in outdoor environments, temperatures can vary drastically, from over 60≧ in summer to below -20≧ in winter. Manufacturers often test products at 25≧, but real-world conditions can cause significant performance variations. For instance, at high temperatures, the brightness of LED lights may decrease unevenly, leading to a distorted or “flowery” display. Similarly, if the temperature in the cabinet exceeds 85≧, the IC may become unstable, further affecting the screen’s quality.

　　

　　Power Supply Considerations

　　

　　The power supply is another critical factor. Its stability, output voltage, and load capacity can vary under different temperatures, directly influencing the screen¨s performance. A reliable power supply ensures consistent operation and supports the screen¨s overall quality.

　　

　　Cabinet Design

　　

　　The design of the cabinet is equally important. It not only provides circuit protection and safety but also affects ventilation and heat dissipation. As the screen operates, thermal drift can degrade image quality over time, making effective heat management essential.

　　

　　Environmental Impact

　　

　　Outdoor LED screens face additional challenges, such as temperature fluctuations, UV radiation, and humidity. Over time, these factors can cause deformation in materials like ABS masks, iron boxes, and connectors, leading to issues such as light blockages, unreliable solder joints, and signal interruptions. The result is often a screen that fails to maintain its original quality and consistency.

　　Recently, market research firm LightCounting (hereinafter referred to as LC) released a new report on the theme of “Optics for Artificial Intelligence”. The report points out that artificial intelligence has emerged in the blink of an eye. LC’s first “Optics for Artificial Intelligence” report emphasizes how artificial intelligence is changing computer architecture and networks, and optics plays a key role in this. LC’s artificial intelligence predictions focus on optics. However, the agency said that if there is one more prediction, it is: not only will optics play an important role in the development of artificial intelligence systems, but artificial intelligence will increasingly contribute to the design of these systems at the transistor, chip and system levels.Not only does it perform well in data, 400g qsfp-dd In the market share, it is also gradually expanding, so that more people can benefit. https://www.3coptics.com/

　　

　　optical technology

　　

　　The pace of innovation varies across industries. New applications are developed at a rapid pace. Most of them will fail, but some will succeed and seemingly change the world overnight. Software and AI algorithms are being innovated faster than we can imagine. At least that¨s what it seems to be to outside observers, but experts may not see it that way.

　　

　　Innovation in the hardware space is a more gradual but relentless process. Optical connectivity is no exception, and there is solid data to support this. The adoption of silicon photonics has taken a decade, waiting for the technology to bring truly disruptive solutions, such as reliable co-packaged optics. This will undoubtedly happen by the end of this decade, but the forecasts in this report focus on pluggable optical modules deployed in AI clusters – the dominant solution for optical connectivity today and over the next five years.

　　

　　Currently, more than 90% of optical modules deployed in AI clusters are used for InfiniBand and Ethernet connections. As shown in the figure below, the bandwidth required for NVLink to connect to GPUs is 4 times that of Ethernet and InfiniBand. Another bottleneck in AI cluster design is the limited high-bandwidth memory (HBM) available to GPUs, which is another factor in the 3x bandwidth increase.

　　

　　optical technology

　　

　　It turns out that optical switches can be used to scale and reconfigure its AI clusters to improve cluster performance while minimizing cost and power consumption. The research firm expects more companies to adopt this technology in the next 3-5 years.

　　

　　The scale of optical demand for applications in AI clusters is a pleasant surprise in 2023, and the timing of ChatGTP making headlines in late 2022 is particularly significant. Fears of an impending recession and initial signs of declining revenue growth have forced all leading cloud companies to cut spending, including investments in data centers and purchases of optical modules. Strong growth in 2024-2025 is unquestionable.

　　

　　The growth of business from large network equipment manufacturers is the main factor affecting the sales volume of optical modules in 2023-2025. New designs for AI clusters require more optical modules. All previous systems used only InfiniBand networks for optical connections, and most of these systems were AOCs. The latest systems based on NDR (400G) InfiniBand use pluggable 400/800G SR4/SR8 and DR4/DR8 optical modules instead of AOCs. The company also released an NVLink chassis switch designed for 800G optical connections in March 2022. The company is currently testing optical fiber NVLink internally, but these solutions should be available to end users by the end of 2024. If it takes longer, LC said it will have to lower its forecast for 2025-2029.